About Superconductor

Super Conductor

A conductor has a resistance that creates power loss, but super conductor has no resistance in a critical temperature. Generally, resistance is a power loss factor in a conductor, which is undesirable. We know that from Ohm’s law I=V/R where, I=Flow of electricity,V=Voltage difference between two points,R=Resistance of the particular material.

If  R=0, I=V/0=infinitive, so power loss(I*I*R=0) in super conductor will be zero.

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity on April 8,1911 in Leiden.He cooled a material to the temperature of liquid helium(-269C),he found that its resistance suddenly vanished or zero.In 1913,He won a Nobel Prize in physics for his research on superconductivity. Specific conductor will be converted into super conductor with zero resistance .Magnetic field can not enter to the inner portion of a super conductor (Transition of superconducting state). It refers to quantum mechanical phenomenon.

THE Meissner Effect: When a material converts to normal conductor to super conductor (transitional state),it actively throw-outs magnetic fields from its interior, this phenomenon is called Meissner effect. 

Arrow signed line is magnetic field line.

 USE OF SUPERCONDUCTORS: 

1.      Superconductor has a magnetic-levitation character. Modern train can run on float area without any friction between the train and its tracks.It can be made by superconducting magnets. From this application, Japan commercially used Magnetic-levitation technology in 1990.The MLX01 test train gained an incredible speed of 361 mph(581 Kilometer per hour) in December 2003)

2. In biomegnetism field, superconductor is used as a life-saving function .Doctors need to know that what’s going on inside the human body. MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is made by a strong superconductor-derived magnetic field.when a strong superconductor –derived magnetic field,which forcedly give energy to hydrogen atoms that exist in body's water and fat molecules, apply into body .Then they  release given energy at a particular frequency which can be identified and showed graphically by a computer.  

MRI of a human skull.